<p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan untuk mempermudah mempelajarinya, ilmu Biologi dipilah-pilah menjadi cabang-cabang ilmu. Setiap cabang ilmu mengkaji Iebih spesifik mengenai suatu objek permasalahan yang sedang dipelajari. Misalnya, cabang Biologi yang didasarkan pada objek adalah Botani, Zoologi, Milcrobiologi, dan Virologi.</span></span></span></p> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Dari setiap objek tersebut memunculkan cabang cabang ilmu yang semakin spesifik. Misalnya, dari Botani kemudian muncul cabang-cabang ilmu yang mengkaji lebih jauh mengenai tumbuhan tersebut, seperti Morfologi, Anatomi, Fisiologi, Taksonomi, dan Genetika. Pemilahan ilmu terjadi pula pada cabang-cabang ilmu Biologi lainnya.</span></span></span></p> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Contoh cabang Biologi yang didasarkan pada persoalannya adalah Ekologi, Toksikologi, Taksonomi, Biologi Reproduksi, dan Teratologi.</span></span></span></p> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Contoh cabang Biologi yang didasarkan pada tingkat organisasi kehidupan adalah Sitologi, Histologi, Organologi, Biologi Populasi, Biologi Molekuler, dan Genetika Populasi.</span></span></span></p> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Cabang Biologi Terapan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan manusia pun kini sudah banyak. Misalnya, kedokteran, gizi dan kesehatan, pertanian, peternakan, perikanan, serta bioteknologi. Kemudian, dari ilmu Kedokteran sendiri muncul ilmu-ilmu spesifik, seperti spesialisasi saraf, mata, kandungan, gigi, THT, internis, dan anak.</span></span></span></p> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span class='marker'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'><strong>Bidang Kajian Cabang-cabang Biologi</strong></span></span></span></span></p> <table border='1' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0'> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'><strong>No</strong></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'><strong>Cabang Biologi</strong></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'><strong>Bidang Kajian</strong></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>1</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Algologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Dunia alga</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>2</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Anatomi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Bagian-bagian dan struktur tubuh dalam makhluk hidup</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>3</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Andrologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Fungsi alat-alat tubuh dan penyakit khusus laki-laki</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>4</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Bakteriologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Dunia bakteri</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>5</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Botani</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Dunia tumbuhan</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>6</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Ekologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Hubungan timbal balik makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>7</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Entologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Serangga dan seluk beluknya</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>8</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Embriologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Perkembang embrio dari zigot sampai janin</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>9</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Evolusi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Sejarah perkembangan makhluk hidup dari tingkat yang sederhana menuju tingkat yang lebih kompleks</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>10</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Farmakologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Proses pembuatan obat-obatan secara kimiawi</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>11</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Filogeni</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Perkembangan filum makhluk hidup dari yang paling sederhana sampai yang paling kompleks</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>12</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Fisiologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Fungsi kerja atau faal organ-organ tubuh makhluk hidup</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>13</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Genetika</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Mekanisme dan hukum-hukum pewarisan sifat</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>14</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Ginekologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Fungsi alat-ala tubuh dan penyakit khusus pada wanita</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>15</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Histologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Struktur dan fungsi jaringan makhluk hidup</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>16</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Hygene</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Pengelolaan kesehatan individu</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>17</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Immnologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Kekebalan tubuh</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>18</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Kinekologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Anjing dan seluk beluknya</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>19</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Mamologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Hewan menyusui dan seluk beluknya</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>20</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Mikologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Dunia jamur</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>21</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Mikrobiologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Mikroorganisme atau jasad renik dan seluk beluknya</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>22</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Morfologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Bentuk luar tubuh makhluk hidup</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>23</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Onthogeni</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Perkembangan suatu individu mulai dari zigot hingga dewasa</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>24</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Ornitologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Burung dan seluk beluknya</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>25</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Palaeontologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Fosil dan hubungannya dengan sejarah Bumi</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>26</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Patologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Penyakit dan pengaruhnya terhadap kehidupan organisme</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>27</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Sanitasi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Pengelolaan kesehatan lingkungan</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>28</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Sitologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Struktur dan fungsi sel</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>29</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Taksonomi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Pengelompokan dan pengklasifikasian makhluk hidup</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>30</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Terratologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Kemungkinan cacat dalam kandungan</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>31</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Virologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Dunia virus</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>32</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Zoologi</span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p style='text-align: justify;'><span style='font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif'><span style='font-size:14px'><span style='color:#000000'>Dunia hewan</span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>